Collective animal activity preceding earthquake occurrence
The study reported elevated collective activity among monitored farm animals before some nearby earthquakes while the animals were housed in a stable. The pattern was not detected consistently while the animals grazed on pasture. This is a reported temporal association from a limited observational dataset and does not establish causation or reliable earthquake forecasting.
Relationship Type: temporal sequence, reported association, non-causal
Concept A: Collective animal activity
Concept B: Earthquake occurrence
Evidence Strength: 25/100
Interpretation Confidence: 85%
Review Status: reviewed
Supporting Evidence
Potential short-term earthquake forecasting by farm animal monitoring
Martin Wikelski; Uschi Mueller; Paola Scocco; Andrea Catorci; Lev V. Desinov; Mikhail Y. Belyaev; Daniel Keim; Winfried Pohlmeier; Gerhard Fechteler; P. Martin Mai
Comment on “Potential short-term earthquake forecasting by farm animal monitoring” by Wikelski, Mueller, Scocco, Catorci, Desinov, Belyaev, Keim, Pohlmeier, Fechteler, and Mai
Gert Zöller, Sebastian Hainzl, Frederik Tilmann, Heiko Woith, Torsten Dahm
Retrospective studies of unusual animal behavior as an earthquake predictor.
Dale F. Lott, Benjamin L. Hart, Mary W. Howell
Unusual Animal Behavior Preceding the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku, Japan: A Way to Predict the Approach of Large Earthquakes
Hiroyuki Yamauchi, Hidehiko Uchiyama, Nobuyo Ohtani, Mitsuaki Ohta
Response to Zöller et al.'s critique on “Potential short-term earthquake forecasting by farm-animal monitoring”
Martin Wikelski; Uschi Mueller; Paola Scocco; Andrea Catorci; Lev V. Desinov; Mikhail Y. Belyaev; Daniel Keim; Winfried Pohlmeier; Gerhard Fechteler; P. Martin Mai
Can Animals Predict Earthquakes?
Heiko Woith, Gesa M. Petersen, Sebastian Hainzl, Torsten Dahm
Changes in animal activity prior to a major (M = 7) earthquake in the Peruvian Andes
Rachel A. Grant, Jean-Pierre Raulin, Friedemann T. Freund
Changes in the properties of the statistics of physical and biophysical fields as earthquake precursor
A. E. Volvach, L. P. Kogan, K. H. Kanonidi, L. I. Nadezhka, I. T. Bubukin, V. B. Shtenberg, A. S. Gordetsov, O. V. Krasnikova, D. I. Kislitsyn