Groundwater anomalies preceding earthquake occurrence
Some studies report changes in groundwater level, temperature, pressure, flow, or chemistry before nearby earthquakes. However, findings are inconsistent and often site-specific, while rainfall, seasonal variation, groundwater pumping, land use, and instrument effects can produce similar changes. This is therefore a reported temporal association, not evidence that groundwater anomalies reliably predict or cause earthquakes.
Relationship Type: reported association, temporal sequence, non-causal
Concept A: Groundwater anomalies
Concept B: Earthquake occurrence
Evidence Strength: 40/100
Interpretation Confidence: 70%
Review Status: reviewed
Supporting Evidence
A systematic compilation of earthquake precursors
Robert D. Cicerone; John E. Ebel; James Britton
Towards a method for forecasting earthquakes in Iceland using changes in groundwater chemistry
Alasdair Skelton, Erik Sturkell, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Gabrielle Stockmann, Sigurjón Jónsson, Andri Stefansson, Lillemor Liljedahl-Claesson, Niklas Wästeby, Margareta Andrén, Elin Tollefsen, Jóhann Gunnarsson Robin, Nicole Keller, Halldór Geirsson, Hreinn Hjartarson, Ingrid Kockum
Changes in geochemical and isotopic contents in groundwater before seismic events in Ischia Island (Italy)
Elena Del Gaudio, Stefania Stevenazzi, Giuseppe Onorati, Daniela Ducci
Experimental evidence on formation of imminent and short-term hydrochemical precursors for earthquakes
Jianguo Du, Kazuhiro Amita, Shinji Ohsawa, Youlian Zhang, Chunli Kang, Makoto Yamada
Changes in groundwater chemistry before two consecutive earthquakes in Iceland
Alasdair Skelton, Margareta Andrén, Hrefna Kristmannsdóttir, Gabrielle Stockmann, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Árny Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Sigurjón Jónsson, Erik Sturkell, Helga Rakel Guðrúnardóttir, Hreinn Hjartarson, Heike Siegmund, Ingrid Kockum
Water Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Changes Record Groundwater Mixing After a Regional Earthquake in Northeast India
Sourav Kumar, Michael Manga, Archana M. Nair, Abhishek Dixit, Chandan Mahanta
Groundwater oxygen isotope anomaly before the M6.6 Tottori earthquake in Southwest Japan
Satoki Onda, Yuji Sano, Naoto Takahata, Takanori Kagoshima, Toshihiro Miyajima, Tomo Shibata, Daniele L. Pinti, Tefang Lan, Nak Kyu Kim, Minoru Kusakabe, Yoshiro Nishio
In search of earthquake-related hydrologic and chemical changes along Hayward Fault
C.-Y. King, D. Basler, T. S. Presser, W. C. Evans, L. D. White, A. Minissale