Dairy-cow milk-yield changes preceding earthquake occurrence

An observational time-series study reported that dairy-cow milk yields varied systematically before a selected set of nearby earthquakes, including a negative association approximately three weeks before the event dates. Milk yield is an objective, routinely collected physiological and productivity measure, but it is influenced by many non-seismic factors. Current evidence supports a reported temporal association only and does not establish causation or reliable earthquake forecasting.